.. _vph_glossary: ======== Glossary ======== .. glossary:: Age-Specific Fertility Rate A per-age fertility hazard applied to individual female :term:`simulants ` to determine births at each time step. See :ref:`fertility_concept`. All-Cause Mortality Rate ACMR The total mortality rate from all causes combined for a given population. Used as the starting point for the :ref:`cause-deleted mortality ` calculation. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Birth Prevalence The proportion of newborn simulants who are born with a given condition. Used to initialize disease state at birth. See :ref:`disease_state_concept`. Cause-Deleted Mortality Mortality Rate The effective per-simulant mortality rate. It is calculated by starting from the :term:`ACMR` and subtracting the :term:`CSMR` for explicitly modeled and unmodeled causes, then adding back any risk-modified unmodeled contributions. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Cause-Specific Mortality Rate CSMR The mortality rate attributable to a single cause. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Crude Birth Rate A population-level measure of births computed from live-birth covariate data and the ratio of simulated to true population size. See :ref:`fertility_concept`. Disability Weight A severity weight between 0 and 1 that represents the magnitude of health loss associated with a disease state. Used to compute years lived with disability (YLDs). See :ref:`disease_state_concept`. Dwell Time The minimum duration a simulant must remain in a disease state before any outgoing transition can fire. Specified in days. See :ref:`disease_state_concept`. Excess Mortality Rate EMR The additional mortality rate attributable to being in a particular disease state, above and beyond the background mortality rate. See :ref:`disease_state_concept`. Incidence Rate The rate at which simulants in a susceptible state acquire a disease and transition to a diseased state. See :ref:`disease_transition_concept`. Population Attributable Fraction PAF The fraction of disease burden in a population that is attributable to a particular risk factor exposure. A PAF of 1 means the disease is fully attributed to the risk. Typically used to compute the :term:`calibration constant `. See :ref:`risk_attributable_disease_concept` and :ref:`calibration_constant_concept`. Prevalence The proportion of the population that occupies a given disease state at a point in time. Used during initialization to assign simulants to states. See :ref:`disease_state_concept`. Remission Rate The rate at which simulants in a diseased state recover and transition out of that state. See :ref:`disease_transition_concept`. Theoretical Minimum Risk Life Expectancy TMRLE The maximum life expectancy achievable if all risk factors were at their theoretical minimum levels. Sourced from the Global Burden of Disease study and used as the reference table for computing :term:`YLL`. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Unmodeled Cause A cause of death that is not represented by its own disease :term:`component ` in the simulation but whose :term:`CSMR` is still accounted for in the mortality calculation. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Years of Life Lost YLL The residual life expectancy at the time of a :term:`simulant's ` death, computed from the :term:`TMRLE` table. Accumulated across the population as a summary measure of premature mortality. See :ref:`mortality_concept`. Continuous Distribution A risk exposure distribution modeled using a standard statistical distribution such as ``normal`` or ``lognormal``. Exposure values are obtained by evaluating the distribution's :term:`PPF` at each :term:`simulant's ` :term:`propensity `. See :ref:`continuous_distribution_concept`. Dichotomous Distribution A two-category exposure distribution that classifies :term:`simulants ` as "exposed" or "unexposed" based on a single probability threshold. See :ref:`dichotomous_distribution_concept`. Ensemble Distribution A risk exposure distribution formed by combining multiple weighted parametric distributions to capture complex, potentially multi-modal exposure shapes. See :ref:`ensemble_distribution_concept`. Percent-Point Function PPF The inverse of the cumulative distribution function. Given a quantile *q*, the PPF returns the value *x* such that *P(X ≤ x) = q*. Used to convert a :term:`simulant's ` :term:`propensity ` into an exposure value. See :ref:`risk_exposure_model_concept`. Propensity A uniform random value in [0, 1] assigned to each :term:`simulant ` at initialization and held constant for the duration of the simulation. It represents the simulant's position in the cumulative distribution of a risk factor and is used as input to the :term:`PPF`. See :ref:`propensity_concept`. Calibration Constant A value, typically derived from the :term:`population attributable fraction `, that adjusts a target rate so that, after :term:`relative risk ` multiplication, the population-level rate remains consistent with input data. See :ref:`calibration_constant_concept`. Log-Linear Model A dose–response model in which the logarithm of the :term:`relative risk ` is proportional to the difference between a :term:`simulant's ` exposure and the :term:`TMREL`. See :ref:`log_linear_risk_effect_concept`. Relative Risk A measure of how much more likely an outcome is for a :term:`simulant ` at a given exposure level compared to a reference level. Used by risk effect components to modify target rates such as disease incidence or mortality. See :ref:`relative_risk_concept`. Theoretical Minimum-Risk Exposure Distribution TMRED The distribution of exposure levels at which the risk to health is at a theoretical minimum. The midpoint of this distribution defines the :term:`TMREL`. See :ref:`relative_risk_concept`. Theoretical Minimum-Risk Exposure Level TMREL The exposure level at which the risk to health is at a theoretical minimum, typically computed as the midpoint of the :term:`TMRED`. Relative risks are normalized so that the :term:`relative risk ` at the TMREL equals 1. See :ref:`relative_risk_concept`. Years Lived with Disability YLD The total time spent in non-fatal health states, weighted by :term:`disability weight`, and converted to years. Accumulated across the population as a summary measure of morbidity. See :ref:`disability_observer_concept`. Therapeutic Inertia The tendency for treatment algorithms to deviate from clinical guidelines — for example, when treatment is not escalated during a healthcare visit despite guidelines recommending escalation. Modeled as a probability drawn from a triangular distribution. See :ref:`therapeutic_inertia_concept`. Linear Scale-Up A time-varying pattern in which an intervention's coverage is linearly interpolated between a start value and an end value over a configured date range. See :ref:`scale_up_concept`.